
Next you are hiking in the high Appalachian Mountains, enjoy the sight and fragrance of the Eastern Hemlock. The appreciation may be short-lived. Throughout much of the eastern US, the little, fuzzy, nasty creature known as the wooly adelgid is killing the hemlocks. Most folks don't even notice it until the hemlock is dead. But this imported pest is threatening to destroy one of the east’s most emblematic species.
It is recognizable through its white, frosty-looking egg sack found on hemlocks. These insects, which found their way to the Pacific Northwest from Asia in the 1920s, suck the sap of the hemlock, robbing the tree of vital nutrients which eventually kills it.
These pests are related to brook trout because they kill trees that shade streams, so as trees die, streams potentially become much warmer. And warm water and brookies don’t mix!
State and federal forestry workers are trying various strategies to beat the adelgid, but so far, the tide has not turned in the favor of the majestic trees. Like the disappearance of the American chestnut, this latest assault on the eastern forest will have profound consequences on forest structure, species composition, and related community ecology.